Shed components

To design and implement a suitable shed for the intended location and use of the shed, it is necessary to know the components of the shed first. It is also necessary to choose the main components of the shed according to the application of the shed
The main components of the shed are as follows:
Frame or frame
wall post
Strat
brace
Perlin or lape
bra
crane
P
caught
shade
Stud
Frame or frame
The beams and columns used are called frames, and in the construction of sheds, these frames are generally implemented with a large opening and without a middle column. Rafter is a term used for inclined beams.

The connection of the frames in the construction and implementation of the shed is done in the upper part or the roof of the shed in a sloping manner. Because this feature of slope has made the design of the shed different from other structures.

The main and most important part of the shed is the column. Because it has the duty to bear all dead and living loads such as wind, rain and earthquake.

Also, the columns have wings and souls. The side parts of the wing column, which bear the weight, and the supporting part of the column and the wing are called wings.

Rafters are the horizontal beams above the column. which are responsible for transferring all loads to the column. Also, due to changes in the anchor in the columns, in our country rafters are implemented in a non-prismatic manner.

The upper part of the frame that connects the two rafters to each other is called the crown of the frame.

It should be noted that due to the implementation of the large opening in the construction of the shed, it is not possible to use the profiles available in the market; Rather, they are welded in the form of beams and according to the desired sections.

Shed components

Figure 1. shed components

wall post
Wall post is used to reduce the level of the wind deflectors of the main column. In fact, wall posts are sub-columns that are implemented at the beginning and end of the shed. Also, wall posts are used to create posts for surrounding walls and entry and exit doors.

Strat
The horizontal columns that connect the frames symmetrically and longitudinally are called struts. Struts are mainly made of tubes and cans. which are responsible for restraining the frames and bearing lateral forces. The length of the struts is between 5 and 8 meters.

Struts increase members and are considered as lateral supports. They are also effective in creating enough space for installing braces.

brace
There are two types of braces, vertical and horizontal, which are used for compression and tension. These components are axial and are implemented longitudinally and sometimes transversely to increase the hardness of the pipes. For the implementation of these components, the shaft of harnesses and frog fasteners are used.

Perlin or lape
Bearing the weight of the roof covering is the responsibility of the purlins. in such a way that they are executed horizontally and in the form of Z.

bra
Bras are made of corner and sheet. The lower wing of the rafter is connected to the purlin by bracing and bolts, as this prevents lateral torsional buckling of the wing, which has a negative anchor and is under pressure.

crane
The most widely used cranes are overhead cranes. Mainly, the crane can be used in all parts of the shed, both longitudinally and transversely. The crane is installed on the carrier beam. which is placed along the entire length of the shed and two transverse ends where the carrier beam is installed on the bracket beam. The bracket beam is welded to the column. Profile rails are also implemented between the carrier beam and the guide wheel.

P
Basically, the pillars of the shed are connected to the foundations, which are called single foundations. The individual piles are connected to each other by coils that have a tensile function. To increase the capacity of the foundations, they add cutters to them.

caught
The clamp is the side and end strap that is connected between the frames.

shade
The shade is connected to the end of the rafter in order to prevent rainwater from falling on the shed.

Stud
It is placed to transfer water from the roof to the ground.

Shed frame components

Figure 2. Metal frame components

Shed frame components

The skeleton or the metal structure of the shed has many components. each of which has an important task. Also, the absence of any of these components causes structural defects. The skeleton execution process must be done completely using high-quality raw materials as well as skilled and experienced engineers.

The components of the shed skeleton are executed correctly and with accurate calculations and design.

In general, the components of the shed skeleton are as follows:

Columns and beams or frames
Rafter or the horizontal inclined beams
wall post
Strat
brace
Perlin or lape
bra
crane
P

Figure 3. Components of the shed

Building components of the shed

After the construction of the shed frame, it is time to cover the roof and walls, doors and windows, etc.

Covering the roof of the shed
Covering the roof of the shed is the most important part of building the shed after the execution of the skeleton. To cover the roof of the shed, materials suitable for the type of use of the shed are used. Sandwich panel, cardboard plastic, polycarbonate and galvanized sheet are types of shed roof covering. The roof covering is installed on the purlins. For example, sandwich roofs are used for sheds where temperature changes are important.

Figure 4. Building components of the shed

Sandwich panel roof covering

Figure 5. Sandwich panel roof covering

Galvanized sheet roof covering

Figure 6. Galvanized sheet roof covering

Polycarbonate roof covering

Figure 7. Polycarbonate roof covering

Cardboard ceiling cover

wall hanging

To build the wall around the shed, sandwich panels, brick walls on both sides, block walls, corrugated sheets, etc. are used. which is implemented according to the initial plan and engineers' opinion and according to the type of use of the shed. Also, sometimes a combination of the mentioned walls, such as brick and sandwich panel, is used in such a way that first brick or concrete is laid to the desired height, then sheet or sandwich panel is used to continue the wall hanging.

Figure 8. wall hanging in the shed

Door and Window
Each shed may have one or more doors, which depends on the design and type of use of the shed. For example, it is possible to use two separate doors for entering and exiting people and entering and exiting cars and equipment inside the shed.

Shed windows are installed as skylights and above the walls or at any height that is done in the design.

office building
If a separate room is needed according to the type of use of the shed, such as security, office room, etc. These rooms are implemented in different parts of the shed, each of which has a separate door and window and is implemented according to the type of room placement.

Shed flooring
The floor covering of the shed is implemented based on its type of use and initial design. Hard concrete flooring, epoxy, polyurethane, etc. are types of shed floor covering. For example, polyurethane is used for the flooring of the cold storage shed and dairy production, and hard concrete flooring is used for the flooring of the household appliance warehouse and automobile factory.

It should be noted that in the implementation of the floor covering of the shed, the basic infrastructures such as the implementation of concrete, reinforcement, etc. are done in the same way for each type of use.

Figure 9. Flooring in the shed

Foundation components of the shed

In general, the foundation components of the shed have three parts: foundation, screw and base plate.

Foundation
screw
base plate
Naturally, to implement any type of structure, we need a foundation that can be strong enough. In the part where the main pillar of the shed structure is placed, the ground is dug up and the necessary foundation is done, which is called the foundation.

To place the column, it is necessary to put screws in the foundation to connect the column with a nut.

The place where the column is connected to the base is called the base plate.

Connection devices for shed components

The most important connections that are used for building a shed are: corner connections, corner connections, and column-to-foundation connections.

sharp connection
In Tizeh connection, to connect two beams to each other, the end of each beam is cut in the factory and welded with a plate that has holes on both sides. Lacchi is also used to strengthen welding.

In the production workshop of the structure or during the execution of the shed, metal components are connected with screws or rivets, which are also called flange connections.

Corner joints
In the implementation of corner connections, a thick plate or flange connection and a connection with a tensile sheet on the wing are used. Each of which has advantages and disadvantages.

Hourly connection
Hourglass connection is another type of beam-to-column connection. Ease of transportation and installation is one of the advantages of this type of connection.

In general, simple joint connection, linear connection and point connection are used to connect the column to the foundation.

Simple joint connection implementation is that the column is welded to the column plate.

In the linear connection, the bottom of the column has a grooved plate, the column is welded to the plate by means of a corner, and the plate is connected to the foundation.